Review of the Research Program of the FreedomCAR and Fuel Partnership: Third Report by National Research Council of the National Academies

Author:National Research Council of the National Academies
Language: eng
Format: epub
Tags: Transportation and Infrastructure
Publisher: NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS
Published: 2010-11-24T00:00:00+00:00

13

Howell, D., and K. Snyder, “Electrochemical Energy Storage,” Presentation to the committee, August 4, 2009.

A PHEV battery cost assessment was conducted by TIAX for the DOE (Sinha et al., 2009). The company considered four chemistries (lithium nickel cobalt aluminum, lithium nickel cobalt manganese, lithium manganese spinel, and lithium iron phosphate cathodes, all with carbon anodes), 16 different scenarios (varying electrode loading and percent capacity fade to end of life), and a useful state of charge from 10 to 90 percent. The cost was estimated for a 5.5 kWh usable energy battery (~20 mile electric range) constructed with cylindrical cells only, at a production volume of 500,000 units a year. A sensitivity analysis was conducted for each scenario that estimated the mean cost of the battery to be approximately $360/kWh, varying from $264/kWh to $710/kWh. This results in a cost of $1,450 to $3,900 for a 5.5 kWh battery. Furthermore, the TIAX cost assessment finds that the cost of cathode active material plays a smaller role in the system cost than do cell design parameters, such as electrode loading and thickness, performance factors such as percent fading to end of life, and manufacturing process speeds. TIAX also conducted several “what if” scenarios to determine which variable could reduce the battery cost to $250/kWh (the long-term goal). It was unable to reach $250/kWh under any of the scenarios considered. It should be noted that the DOE has a target of $300/kWh for a PHEV-40 in 2014.14

14

D. Howell, DOE, “PHEV Update,” Presentation to the committee, December 10, 2009, Washington, D.C.

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